平稳小波在高精度重力仪信号处理中的应用

为有效地消除噪声对重力仪测量数据的影响,提高重力异常测量值的精度,在分析平稳小波多尺度分析原理的基础上,将平稳小波应用到重力仪数据处理中,并与传统小波多尺度分析进行了对比.理论分析和仿真实验表明,平稳小波和传统小波都能在一定程度上抑制噪声对高精度重力仪测量数据的影响,但平稳小波的性能优于传统小波.     

PVDF应力测量技术及在混凝土冲击实验中的应用

介绍了使用PVDF(polyvinylidene fluoride,聚偏二氟乙烯)应力计的应力直接测量技术。在SHPB装置上进行自制PVDF应力计动态压电系数的标定实验,分析了应力集中、横向泊松效应、摩擦效应对PVDF应力计信号及动态压电系数的影响。用PVDF应力计进行了混凝土的冲击压缩实验。利用混凝土前后端面PVDF应力计信号分析了实验过程中混凝土试样的应力均匀性。与应变计直测应变技术相结合得到了混凝土的动态应力-应变关系。     

混凝土单轴受拉的非局部本构模型

混凝土受拉本构行为存在很强的局部软化现象,使得单轴受拉试验无法给出应力-应变关系,而只能给出应力-位移关系。本文根据内变量理论和等效应变假设建立了基于真实应变的混凝土单轴受力本构方程,并根据Weibull分布可以描述混凝土等脆性材料断裂过程的试验现象,建立了关于弹性应变的损伤演化规律。然后,通过假设平均应变与真实弹性应变的函数关系,在应力-平均应变的本构关系中采用平均弹性应变以描述其非局部行为,而在材料的损伤演化规律中采用真实弹性应变以描述其局部行为,由此建立了单轴受拉荷载条件下的非局部本构模型。最后,对一个单调受拉试验和一个反复受拉试验的仿真结果表明所提出的非局部本构模型可以准确地模拟试验结果。     

Multicloud Convective Parametrizations with Crude Vertical Structure

Recent observational analysis reveals the central role of three multi-cloud types, congestus, stratiform, and deep convective cumulus clouds, in the dynamics of large scale convectively coupled Kelvin waves, westward propagating two-day waves, and the Madden–Julian oscillation. The authors have recently developed a systematic model convective parametrization highlighting the dynamic role of the three cloud types through two baroclinic modes of vertical structure: a deep convective heating mode and a second mode with low level heating and cooling corresponding respectively to congestus and stratiform clouds. The model includes a systematic moisture equation where the lower troposphere moisture increases through detrainment of shallow cumulus clouds, evaporation of stratiform rain, and moisture convergence and decreases through deep convective precipitation and a nonlinear switch which favors either deep or congestus convection depending on whether the troposphere is moist or dry. Here several new facets of these multi-cloud models are discussed including all the relevant time scales in the models and the links with simpler parametrizations involving only a single baroclinic mode in various limiting regimes. One of the new phenomena in the multi-cloud models is the existence of suitable unstable radiative convective equilibria (RCE) involving a larger fraction of congestus clouds and a smaller fraction of deep convective clouds. Novel aspects of the linear and nonlinear stability of such unstable RCE’s are studied here. They include new modes of linear instability including mesoscale second baroclinic moist gravity waves, slow moving mesoscale modes resembling squall lines, and large scale standing modes. The nonlinear instability of unstable RCE’s to homogeneous perturbations is studied with three different types of nonlinear dynamics occurring which involve adjustment to a steady deep convective RCE, periodic oscillation, and even heteroclinic chaos in suitable parameter regimes.     

粘贴碳纤维布加固混凝土管道试验研究

首次通过对14个素混凝土和14个钢筋混凝土环状试件外粘碳纤维布加固性能进行试验，研究了碳纤维布加固混凝土内压圆管的破坏特征、受力性能和破坏机理。对不同加固方法及一次或二次受力的混凝土管在内压力作用下的极限承载力、荷载一应变关系等方面进行了研究。试验结果表明，用碳纤维布加固混凝土内压管可以显著地提高极限承载力，明显的改善了构件的延性，能够获得良好的力学性能。加固后试件的开裂承载力与未加固试件相比，提高幅度不大，加固试件二次受力与一次受力相比，开裂荷载有所降低，但极限承载力基本相同。用碳纤维布加固内压管是一个新课题，具有很好的应用前景，用本文提出的加固方法具有优良的加固性能，可为工程应用提供参考。     

混凝土破裂过程的三维数值模型

利用混合同余法产生了随机变量,将混凝土中的骨料简化为球体,采用循环比较法将随机变量赋给球心坐标(X,Y,Z),实现了混凝土骨料的空间随机分布,最终建立了三维混凝土数值模型。对模型整体进行单元剖分,将骨料、砂浆、界面层分别投影到该有限元网格中,采用多次网格划分技术完成模型网格划分。通过对算例进行有限元计算,结果表明该模型基本上反映了混凝土骨料分布的实际情况,较好地模拟了混凝土的不均匀性与各向异性,验证了建立该模型的方法是可行的。     

旋涡与行进表面水波相互作用的实验研究

采用振动板式造波器在二维水槽中生成近似单色的行进表面水波，采用夹板式涡发生器生成稳定上浮的涡对，在Ｆｒｏｕｄｅ数约为０．５的条件下，得到了水下涡对与不同波长和振幅的行进表面水波相互作用时的干扰图象，以实验方法验证了理论分析和数值计算的结果，并为进一步研究旋涡与行进表面水波的相互作用提供了一种实验研究方法     

Emergent geometry experienced by fermions in graphene in the presence of dislocations

In graphene in the presence of strain the elasticity theory metric naturally appears. However, this is not the one experienced by fermionic quasiparticles. Fermions propagate in curved space, whose metric is defined by expansion of the effective Hamiltonian near the topologically protected Fermi point. We discuss relation between both types of metric for different parametrizations of graphene surface. Next, we extend our consideration to the case, when the dislocations are present. We consider the situation, when the deformation is described by elasticity theory and calculate both torsion and emergent magnetic field carried by the dislocation. The dislocation carries singular torsion in addition to the quantized flux of emergent magnetic field. Both may be observed in the scattering of quasiparticles on the dislocation. Emergent magnetic field flux manifests itself in the Aharonov–Bohm effect while the torsion singularity results in Stodolsky effect.     

A cosmological study in massive gravity theory

A detailed study of the various cosmological aspects in massive gravity theory has been presented in the present work. For the homogeneous and isotropic FLRW model, the deceleration parameter has been evaluated, and, it has been examined whether there is any transition from deceleration to acceleration in recent past, or not. With the proper choice of the free parameters, it has been shown that the massive gravity theory is equivalent to Einstein gravity with a modified Newtonian gravitational constant together with a negative cosmological constant. Also, in this context, it has been examined whether the emergent scenario is possible, or not, in massive gravity theory. Finally, we have done a cosmographic analysis in massive gravity theory.     

Generally covariant vs. gauge structure for conformal field theories

We introduce the natural lift of spacetime diffeomorphisms for conformal gravity and discuss the physical equivalence between the natural and gauge natural structure of the theory. Accordingly, we argue that conformal transformations must be introduced as gauge transformations (affecting fields but not spacetime point) and then discuss special structures implied by the splitting of the conformal group.